Factors affecting the surface roughness of grinding wheel machines and their improvement measures

1. Factors related to the grinding wheel are mainly related to the particle size, hardness and dressing of the grinding wheel. The finer the particle size of the grinding wheel, 

the more grains per unit area of the grinding wheel, the finer the scratches on the grinding surface, and the smaller the surface roughness value. However, if the particle size 

is too fine, the grinding wheel is easy to be clogged, increasing the surface roughness, and it is also easy to produce ripples and burns. The hardness of the grinding wheel 

refers to the degree to which the abrasive grains are difficult to fall off the grinding wheel after being subjected to the grinding force. If the grinding wheel is too hard, the 

abrasive grains will not fall off after wear. The surface of the workpiece is subjected to strong friction and extrusion, which increases plastic deformation and surface 

roughness, and is also easy to cause burns. If the grinding wheel is too soft, the abrasive grains are easy to fall off, and the grinding effect is weakened, which will also 

increase the surface roughness value. Therefore, the appropriate grinding wheel hardness should be selected. The dressing quality of the grinding wheel is closely related to 

the dressing tool used and the longitudinal feed of the dressing wheel. The dressing of the grinding wheel is to use diamond to remove the passivated abrasive grains on the 

outer layer of the grinding wheel to make the cutting edge sharp. In addition, the smaller the longitudinal feed of the dressing wheel, the more cutting micro-edges on the 

repaired grinding wheel, the better the profile, and the smaller the surface roughness value.

2. Factors related to the workpiece material, including the hardness, plasticity, thermal conductivity, etc. of the material. The hardness, plasticity and thermal conductivity of 

the workpiece material have a significant impact on the surface roughness. Soft materials such as aluminum and copper alloys are easy to block the grinding wheel and are 

difficult to grind. The high plasticity and poor thermal conductivity of heat-resistant alloys can easily lead to early sand mold collapse and increase the roughness of the 

grinding surface.

3. Factors related to processing conditions, including grinding amount, cooling conditions, precision and vibration resistance of the processing system, etc. Grinding 

parameters include grinding wheel speed, workpiece speed, grinding depth and longitudinal feed. The propagation speed of the plastic deformation of the surface metal 

may not keep up with the grinding speed, and the material has no time to deform, thereby reducing the surface roughness of the ground surface. The workpiece speed 

increases, the plastic deformation increases, and the surface roughness increases. The greater the grinding depth and longitudinal feed, the greater the plastic deformation, 

thereby increasing the surface roughness. The grinding temperature of the grinding wheel is high, and the role of heat is dominant, so the role of the cutting fluid is very 

important. The use of cutting fluid can reduce the temperature of the grinding zone, reduce burns, and wash away sand and debris to avoid clamping the workpiece, thereby 

reducing the surface roughness. However, appropriate cooling methods and cutting fluids must be selected. In addition, for cylindrical grinders, internal grinders, and surface 

grinders, the spindle accuracy of the machine tool grinding wheel, the accuracy and stability of the feed system, the rigidity and vibration resistance of the entire machine 

tool are closely related to the cutting force of the machine tool. Surface roughness.