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How are gears machined?

21 Aug 2024

In the ever-changing world of gear machining, choosing the most efficient and precise machining methods and gear machining tools is crucial. The component, production 

process and batch size all determine the choice of tool and gear machining method.


In the soft machining phase of the gear, the challenge is often to obtain tight dimensional tolerances. Careful preparation during the quenching phase enables a relatively 

straightforward hard part turning process, which will then be followed by hard machining of the gear. In hard part turning, predictable machining and good surface quality 

are essential. This should all be combined with high economy.


Gear machining technology will change dramatically due to e-mobility, new gearbox designs and the need to ensure flexibility and high productivity at the same time. The 

focus will no longer be on the common traditional gear machining machine tools, and combined machining of gear/spline components will become the norm. Power skiving 

will become the focus, as it will replace gear shaping, tooth broaching and spline rolling, and to some extent hobbing. Gear accuracy


Gears are usually classified according to the standard of the required tolerance value of the machined gear. The most common standard for the classification of cylindrical 

gear accuracy is DIN 3962, which measures different gear parameters and classifies them on a scale of 1-12. Other customer-specific standards are also common, but their 

evaluation parameters are largely the same as those of DIN 3962.


The gear accuracy class is usually determined by the part requirements and depends on the range of gear applications.


Other requirements for ensuring ideal gear quality include:


High-quality tools

Clean contact surfaces

Minimum run-out on tool and workpiece

Stable clamping

Precise and stable machine tools









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