1. What are the causes of deformation and vibration when turning a slender shaft? What solutions can be taken? Answer: When turning a slender shaft, the causes of deformation and vibration are:

(1) The workpiece is elongated by cutting heat and produces bending deformation. .

(2) The workpiece bends and vibrates under the action of cutting force.

(3) Vibration caused by the workpiece’s own weight and deformation.

(4) The bending and vibration of the workpiece are intensified under the action of centrifugal force.

The solutions taken are: (1) Use a steady rest; (2) Use a tool rest; (3) Reduce thermal deformation; (4) Reasonably select the geometry and cutting amount of the turning tool.

2. What causes the "bamboo shape" when turning a slender shaft using a heel tool holder? How should the heel tool holder be used?

Answer: When turning a slender shaft with a tool holder, the reason for the "bamboo shape" is that the contact pressure between the support claw of the tool holder and the workpiece is too large.

The correct way to use the knife holder is:

(1) The distance between the support position of the support claw on the machined surface and the tool is within 10mm.

(2) Control the amount of cutting done on the back so that the remaining amount of bad hair can be removed along the entire shaft length without leaving any black scars or marks.

(3) In the order of back, down, and up, adjust the support claws by touch, ear, and visual inspection until they lightly contact the outer circle, so that each claw maintains the same small gap and can move freely.

(4) Always track and monitor the contact status of each supporting claw and ensure good lubrication.

3. What are the factors that affect the processing quality of thin-walled workpieces?

Answer: The factors that affect the processing quality of thin-walled workpieces are:

(1) The clamping force deforms the workpiece and affects the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy. (2) Cutting heat causes deformation of the workpiece, affecting dimensional accuracy. (3) The cutting force causes vibration and deformation of the workpiece, affecting the dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy and surface of the workpiece.

Roughness. (4) The residual internal stress deforms the workpiece and affects the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy.

4. What are the methods to prevent and reduce deformation of thin-walled workpieces?

Answer: Methods to prevent and reduce deformation of thin-walled workpieces include:

(1). During processing, rough turning and fine turning are performed. The clamping is tighter during rough turning and the clamping is looser during fine turning.

(2) Reasonably select the geometric parameters of the tool and increase the stiffness of the tool holder.

(3) Use a slotted sleeve or special soft claw to increase the clamping contact area.

(4) Use axial clamping methods and fixtures.

(5) Add convex edges and process aids to improve the rigidity of the workpiece itself.

(6) Add cutting fluid and allow sufficient cooling.